A Research Study On Bottlenose Dolphins - 1188 Words

Bottlenose dolphins are among the most familiar cetaceans, just as whales. The Bottlenose dolphin is a primitive member of the subfamily Delphinine. Bottlenose dolphins are grey, varying from dark grey at the top near the dorsal fin to very light grey and almost white at the underside. There are two ecotypes of bottlenose dolphins the coastal and the offshore. The Coastal dolphin has a small body and large flippers to increase agility and heat dissipation. They have a limited movement into offshore waters and like shallow warm water near the shore. Coastal dolphins for the most part remain in their region. The Offshore dolphin has a large body to help conserve heat and defend itself against predators. They are less restricted in range and movement and like deep, cold waters. Offshore dolphins in the North Atlantic have migratory patterns that follow prey distribution. Bottlenose dolphins live in groups typically of 10–30 members, called pods, but group size varies from single individuals up to more than 1,000. In a case study performed by Randall Wells who is the leader of the longest study of dolphin population since 1970, it was discovered that there are three main factors that influence migration: Seasonal changes in prey location, predation pressure and reproductive requirements. (Wells, 1980). In the fall dolphins follow mullet fish when they migrate from the bays into the Gulf of Mexico to spawn. Dolphins experience the most predation pressure during the summer whenShow MoreRelatedThe Research On Marine Mammal Captivity1332 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In recent years, animals in captive environments such as zoos and theme parks have grown more controversial. The literature I have reviewed focuses on a particular group of animals in captivity, cetaceans. Cetaceans include whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The literature includes a range of themes, from their unique level of intelligence to why they may mentally and physically suffer in captive environments. However, it all connects to how and why these animals live and behave differentlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication And Human Communication2537 Words   |  11 Pageshumans communicate; however, some research suggests that animals use language-like abilities to communicate as well (CS212OC M4, L1, F, 2014). For example, we studied the communication skills of parrots and bees (two animals thought to possess astonishing communication abilities), and compared their communication practices to human communication practices (CS212OC M4, L1, F, 2014). Throughout this p aper, we will be looking at the communication skills of bottlenose dolphins, while comparing and contrastingRead MoreDolphin Foraging Techniques Essay examples1358 Words   |  6 PagesBottlenose dolphins are known to use sea sponges as tools when foraging for food in the ocean. This behavior is referred to as â€Å"sponging†. â€Å"Sponging† refers to when these particular dolphins put a sea sponge over their rostrum (snout area) and use it to help collect food. Different explanations have been given as to why Bottlenose Dolphins engage in this behavior. It has been perceived that young dolphins learn this behavior from their mothers. Researchers are also exploring the option that a differentiationRead MoreMarine Mammals : Public Display And Research Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagesfish nutrients the scientists determined that captive dolphins can acquire adequate nutrition if they are fed a combination of capelin and herring. This table represents the chemical pro file of their diet through fish. By feeding both of these fish to the dolphins it will ensure that they are getting balanced water, protein, and fat content. Another case study was done by Marine Mammals: Public Display and Research in 1994 to investigate the dolphins’ caloric requirements depending on their sex, ageRead MoreHow Animals Talk Like Humans1197 Words   |  5 Pagesare also used by many animals. Our habit to anthropomorphize other species has swayed many research projects that remain popularly believed. This principle of an existing human bias has debunked several studies including a famous study that came to the conclusion that pigs are able to express themselves in a way that allows them to interact coherently with humans. In fact, the humans being observed in the study had allowed themselves to apply a previous context on the pigs despite the animals actingRead MoreEssay on Bottlenose Dolphins2377 Words   |  10 PagesBottlenose Dolphins This essay is NOT formatted Bottlenose dolphins are among the most vocal of the nonhuman animals and exhibit remarkable development of the sound production and auditory mechanisms. This can be seen in audition, which is shown in the animal’s highly refined echolocation ability, and in tightly organized schools in which they live that are made up by sound communication. In testing the communication skills of dolphins, extensive studies have been done on vocal Read MoreA Case Of Nuturant Care : Adoption Of A Presumed Delphinus Calf By Bottlenose Dolphin3289 Words   |  14 PagesSHORT COMMUNICATION A novel case of nuturant care: Adoption of a presumed Delphinus calf by bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Far North waters, New Zealand. CH Petersa* and KA Stockina aCoastal-Marine Research Group, Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand Worldwide inter-specific behavioural interactions in the order Cetacea are diverse and often complex. Epimelatic care can be described as nurturant or Succorant in nature. Adoption canRead MoreA Brief Note On The Scottish Coastal Waters1795 Words   |  8 Pagestime for the populations around Scotland to reproduce. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Tursiops truncatus can be seen inshore on the east and west coasts; on the north coast and in the northern isles in some occasion. The Moray Firth supports the bottlenose resident dolphins in the North Sea. This is a small population with around 195 individuals that lives along the Moray Firth down to the east coast (Firth of Forth). These dolphins are between 3 and 4 metres in length and are normally inRead MoreArgumentative Essay on the Pros and Cons of Dolphins Living in Captivity2012 Words   |  9 PagesArgumentative Essay on the Pros and Cons of Dolphins Living in Captivity versus the Pros and Cons of Dolphins Living in the Wild. The Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) are probably the most popular species of dolphins around. Coming under the order of Cetecea and the family of Delphinidae, the bottlenose dolphins are closely related to whales and are highly intelligent creatures (source 7). They are widely distributed around the world in the deep tropical and sub-tropical seas asRead MoreDrive Hunting in the Oceans2156 Words   |  9 Pagesof small whales, many dolphin species and some porpoises. They are killed in various manors, ranging from accidental ship strikes to the more morally controversial yearly drive hunts. As you may know nearly all cetaceans use some sort of sound production in order to navigate waters, communicate with other individuals and groups of their respective species as well as capture prey (Brownell et al., 2008). An example of this is the variety sounds produced by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

The Cold War - 1120 Words

Cold War In 1945 after WWII the United States and the Soviet Union became divided as far as how they felt Europe should be divided. This began the period of conflict called the Cold War. The Cold War was â€Å"a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare†(dictionary.com).The USSR believed in communism, where the US believed in democracy. The US was between two potentially hostile nations, the US designed a Buffer Zone to prevent any overt acts of aggression.At the end of WWI,I almost all of the eastern European countries were occupied by Russia these countries were known as Satellite States. The distrust between the two nations began at the Yalta Conference which included the three big powers: Churchill (Great Britain),Stalin (Soviet Union), and Roosevelt (United States of America). Stalin wanted more control as far how Europe progressed after WWII, where Roosevelt believed Europe should hold free election and determine their political system and rivalry between the two superpowers and began the Cold War. Some might blame the Americans for the causing for the Cold War because of the American’s wanted to occupy the countries, but the Soviet Union bares the responsibility for the Cold War because of their actions in Eastern Europe, by the military expansionism of Stalin and his successors, and the principles presented in the Iron Curtain Speech . Some might argue that the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The countr y boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful co untry Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against id eologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring World War II, the United States, Britain, and Russia all worked together to take down Hitler. Although after the war, the coordination between the U.S. and Russia became extremely tense which inevitably lead to the Cold War. The U.S. was worried that Russia would spread communism after World War II. Russia was concerned with the U.S. arms increase and intervention in international affairs. The distrust between the two nations resulted in the Cold war which lasted until 1991. In 1946, WinstonRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a result of what happened at the end of World War 2. At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War942 Words   |  4 PagesFeelings Do Matter At the close of World War Two in 1945, the United States entered another kind of war, the Cold War, which did not involve two adversaries in open battle fields using bullets against the Soviet Union. Throughout the Cold War, incidents fueled feelings of anxiety, mistrust and pride. Often pride is defined as â€Å"a feeling that you are more important or better than other people† (Pride). Mistrust on the other hand is the â€Å"feeling that someone is not honest and cannot be trusted†,Read MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombs

Mongol Empire Free Essays

Mongol Empire Free Essays Wenda Qian MGMT 470 02/26/2013 Mongolia Mongolia is landlocked country between China and Russia; it is located in north Asia, and the current population is 2. 87 million. Ulan Bator is the  capital  and the largest city; there are about 45% of the population lives in there. We will write a custom essay sample on Mongol Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mongolia’s  political system  is a  parliamentary republic, multi-party system including 16 parties; and it is a member of the United Nation. I decide to interview a Mongolian, because as a Chinese, I have never been familiar with this neighbor. My interviewee is called Anka, she is my good friend, a financial major student, we know each other for three years, and I often play basketball with her brother. Anka was sent to a Chinese school when she was 6, she learned Chinese for almost 12 years, so her Chinese is perfect. In Mongolia, Chinese school is very expensive. Her father think learning Chinese is useful to do businesses; in order to enhance the communication and business between Mongolia and China, they can come to China without a visa. The interview took place in the library. Before the interview, I made some research about Mongolia’s history. In 1203 AD, Mongolia was founded by nomadic tribal groupings under the leadership of Genghis Khan; the meaning of name is â€Å"universal king†. Mongolian was very good at fighting wars; China was briefly ruled by Mongolia in Yuan dynasty. From 1691 to 1911, Mongolia was controlled by the Manchu, China was also, thus Mongolia was a province of the Qin dynasty at that time. After the Manchu fall in 1911, the Russian Government forced the new Chinese Republican Government to accept Mongolian autonomy under continued Chinese control. At long last the Mongolian People’s Republic was proclaimed on November 25, 1924. The relationship between Tibet and Mongolia are old and deep, Tibetan Buddhism became a major religion among Mongolian people, but religion was prohibited in 1930, a lot of monks were arrested. Until 1990, freedom of religion again came back to Mongolia. Democratic Revolution also occurred in early 1990, it ended the 70-years domination of socialism. For the culture, I start with language and religion; there are 21 ethnic groups in Mongolia, but they speak the same language, just a little different pronunciations, but they are all able to understand each other. In China, there is a province called In-Mongolia, but the Mongolian ethnic group of China can’t communicate with Mongolian, the language is mostly different. There are 95% of the populations in Mongolia follow Buddhism, most of them are old people, the other 5% follow Christianity which is a new religion appear in Mongolia for recent 5-6 years, and young people are the majority. For marriage customs, currently Mongolian people follow the western style with wedding dress; the traditional marriage custom is Mongolia cheongsam in green and yellow. In Mongolia, the legal marriage age is 18 for both male and female, most choose to marry at 19 years old. Young people have marriage freedom now, they can choose their lover, it is not decided by father as before, and male’s parents are required to go to female’s home to propose marriage, female doesn’t change the family name after marriage. During the wedding, both man and woman have to hold a blue silk with sliver cup fill with wine on the right hand, every friend and relative sip the wine from the sliver cup. Many Mongolian families have 2-3 kids, and the women go to work, very few stay at home to be a housewife. The exactly same as China, Mongolia also has a spring festival; it is the one of two big traditional holidays in Mongolia, people wear white cheongsam in spring festival, and the color means â€Å"lucky†. The last day before the spring festival, people have to eat foods from the morning to the night, they can’t be hungry at that day, and the foods include dumpling, horse meat and milk tea. From the Lunar New Year’s day to the third day, Mongolian put a very big meat on the table, family and visitor can eat it. The other traditional holiday is naadam (July 11-13), people watch wrestling, horse racing and archery contests on TV, and eat meat pie. Mongolian people like to eat meat much more than vegetable. For economic, Mongolia’s main exports partner is China, the trades include mineral products, natural or cultured stones, jewelry, textiles, animal origin products, hides and skins. Mongolia’s main import partners are Russia and China, the trades include mineral products, machinery, equipment, electric appliances, recorders, TV sets and spare parts, vehicles, food products and base metals. The Mongolian government put more and more attentions on education; the educational system is 4 years for primary school, 5 years for middle school and 3 years for high school. Because Mongolia uses compulsory educational system, when the children meet the school age, the government will force their parents to send the children to school. After graduating from high school, students have to take a college entrance examination, it would judge their ability to go to college, it is the same educational system in China. The Mongolian government focus on infrastructure, but the road condition is not good. However, along with economic growth, the other infrastructure such as railways and airports develop fast, in general, they are getting better. The business opportunities are immense in Mongolia, this country develops quickly, and they have young and well-educated people, but they also face many challenges. Mongolia is a landlocked country; the transportation is expensive, and the environment issue such as air pollution. With globalization of world economy, Asia plays a bigger role than before; Mongolia is a part of it. However, this country is still very young, even though it has a very long history. They need to know how to attract more foreign investments and tourists. Based on these points, Mongolia will obtain more success. Interview 1. What is the most different you think between Mongolia and America? Food, chicken and pork are very expensive in Mongolia, but they are much cheaper in America. And it is really hard to find Mongolian foods in America. (Chicken and pork are not expensive in China, I think the biggest difference is culture and value, food is also an important factor) 2. So, what is your favorite Mongolian food? Horse meat, camel meat and dumpling. I didn’t know horse and camel can be kinds of food before, I was shocked when she told me that, but I will like to try them if it is possible) 3. What is the most common sport in Mongolia? Nowadays, I think basketball and soccer are very popular now. (I agree, basketball is also common in China) 4. Is electronic products popular in Mongolia? Yes, especially iPod products, many people buy them, HP computer is als o popular. Compare Japanese electronic product, Mongolian people prefers American electronic products. (In China, Japanese, Korean and American products are all popular, I don’t think these products have too many ifference) 5. What are the roles of the women in Mongolia when it comes to business? Women go to work now, and they gain more freedom and rights than before. (It is the same in China) 6. Does Mongolian yurt still exist now? Yes, shepherds still live in the Mongolian yurt. People like to live in the apartment now, and the walls are thick, thus the noisy won’t affect the neighbor. (Yurt was the old house for Mongolian people in the past, now they have better choices) 7. Is college entrance examination difficult in Mongolia? Yes, the math is very hard, but there still are 35%-40% of students can go to college. Math is my nightmare; there is also college entrance examination in China, only few can go to college, now there are more and more) 8. Do you think doing b usiness between Russia and Mongolia is similar with doing business between China and Mongolia? In the past, we did a lot of businesses with Russia; we trade clothes, foods and animal fur, because the wolves are few in Russia, so the furs are very expensive. Currently, it is prohibited to sell furs, but still happens in the black market. Nowadays, we have many deals with China; it is similar with doing business with Russia. Along with globalization, more and more communications will appear) 9. Is car getting common in Mongolia? Japanese and Korean cars are popular in Mongolia, because they are comfortable, the seats are soft. Car traffic becomes a new problem recently, too many families have cars, and the roads are not wide enough, so the government makes a new policy to control the situation. The last one or two number of license plates decide when the car can or cannot enter to the city, for example, the last number of the license plates on my father‘s car was 3, so my father cannot drive on Tuesday and Saturday. I think China has this problem, too. The Mongolian government shows us a great way to Restrict on vehicle) 10. How do you learn both Chinese and English at the same time? I learned Chinese since primary school, meanwhile I learn English from a Chinese English teacher. However, the generation before me learned Russian, because Russian was important at that time. My grandpa can understand the material from the Russia channel. (I learned English since middle school; I think kids are good at learning a new language) 11. If you can go to another country you like, which one would you like to go to? I will go to Japan, because the technology is developed in there. (I agree, Japan is a good place for travel, and foods are very delicious) 12. What are some problems that your society suffers from? The Mongolian government, it is chaos. For example, they steal tax income from the citizen, and they never admit the behavior. (I think this is also happened in my country, maybe China is even worse, government always spends money on useless projects, and people do not know how and where they spend the money) 13. What do you think about your race .. What are you proud of .. not proud of ..? I am proud to be a descendant of Genghis Khan. What I am not proud to be is that the low population and the development of Mongolia is slower than the other Asian countries. (For me, I am proud to be a Chinese, even my country has so many problems, but I believe Mongolia and China will become better and better) Reference 1. Mongolia Exports. (n. d. ). TRADING ECONOMICS | 300. 000 INDICATORS FROM 196 COUNTRIES. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. tradingeconomics. com/mongolia/exports   2. Mongolia Imports. (n. d. ). TRADING ECONOMICS | 300. 000 INDICATORS FROM 196 COUNTRIES. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. tradingeconomics. com/mongolia/imports   3. Education in Mongolia – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n. d. ). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Education_in_Mongolia   4. History of Mongolia. (n. d. ). History of Nations. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. historyofnations. net/asia/mongolia. html   5. INFRASTRUCTURE IN MONGOLIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. (n. d. ). Monoglia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. associm. com/newsletters/pdf/INFRASTRUCTURE_final. df   6. Jiang, S. (n. d. ). Problems in Mongolia. mongolia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://mongoliaparadise. tripod. com/problems. html   7. Mongolia History . (n. d. ). Mongolia Travel, Mongolia Travel Agency, Hotels, Travel to Mongolia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://www. discovermongolia. mn/country/history. html   8. topic. (n. d. ). 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 28, 2013, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/1990_Democratic_Revolution_in_Mongolia How to cite Mongol Empire, Papers

Developing B2B Social Communities

Question: Discuss about the Report on Developing B2B Social Communities? Answer: Introduction This particular assignment mainly deals with the concept of food business and food marketing. The name of the company in this particular assignment is Food Retailers (Baines, Fill Page, 2011). Food Retailers one of the most popular food retail companies across entire United Kingdom. This particular company is an arbitrary company mainly deals with different kinds of food items. This particular company mainly deals with different kinds of packaged food as well as dry food. This particular company is one of the most popular company is very much popular in entire Europe and organized its business across all the major cities of the work. Food industry is generally exists in the perfectly competitive market formation. The features of perfectly competitive market formation are different and unique from each other. All the companies doing business in the perfectly competitive market formation face the majority of the challenges. The food retail sector as well as the food retail industry is one of the vast retail sector management. Prospect of the industry The entire food industry is one of the most popular and growing industry across the world. The United Kingdom food industry as well as the United Kingdom Retail management comprises of over 21200 food stores in entire United Kingdom. The entire food sector in United Kingdom is divided into many sectors and retail chains (Baines, Fill Page, 2011). The entire food and retail management sector is one of the most vast retail sector management and the average growth rate of this entire industry is 5.6% as per the latest statistical report (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). The rapid growth in the entire food industry since from the year 2000 was remarkable in entire United Kingdom. Due to increase in the raise in the completion level all the companies has adopted different kinds of pricing decisions and pricing decision as well as the pricing strategies. This particular food sector comprises nearly 45% of the entire food industry in entire United Kingdom. Development of Food Sector Industry Year Total Sales Percentage of change in sales Percentage of total Sales 2000 57,253,522 52.33% 45.25% 2001 58,555,854 53.25% 46.27% 2002 60,545,558 55.96% 47.30% 2003 68,548,552 57.33% 49.22% 2004 71,565,525 59.55% 51.58% 2005 73,548,232 65.55% 52.45% 2006 75,258,855 69.22% 55.85% 2007 77,522,858 71.22% 57.28% 2008 79,625,254 75.23% 59.25% 2009 81,52,525 77.23% 61.85% 2010 87,53,550 73.33% 63.49% Table 1: Development of Food Sector Industry and Prospect of the industry (Source: Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013) Figure 1: Development of Food Sector Industry and Prospect of the industry (Source: Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013) Demographical factors of United Kingdom Demographical factor is one of the most important factors of any kinds of business. The demographics factor is related with the study of population. United Kingdom is one of the largest Empires in the entire world (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). Different kinds of people reside from each part of the world with different cultural background (Baines, Fill Page, 2011). The prospect of entire food market in United Kingdom is very much diversified. This is due to the cultural factors of the country as in United Kingdom people come and join from different sectors with different cultural background (Smith Murphy, 2012). However, several strategic issues are present as per the demographic factors of the firm. Consumption and expenditure of the people in United Kingdom In entire United Kingdom, different kinds of people come from different kinds of cultural backgrounds (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). There are many sectors in the food and retail management to identify the growth of opportunities. As per the latest statistical report of the year 2012, the consumption expenditure of the food market in entire United Kingdom is mentioned in the following tables and graphs (Stevens, 2007). Food items Age Range Percentage of uses Sugar Products 18-25 years 25.33 Vegetables 25-32 years 27.25 Red Meat 18-33 years 29.22 Milk and Dairy Products 25-45years 35.69 Fish Products 25-50years 23.33 Oil Products 15-35years 17.23 Tea 15-55years 77.25 Coffee 15-60years 78.23 Nodules 5-35years 81.25 Fruits 5-70years 91.25 Cheese Products 15-35years 87.25 Fruit Juice 5-55years 83.25 Ice Cream Products 5-75years 95.69 Pulses and Nuts 15-65years 85.33 Table1: Popularity of the food items (Source: Developed by the Author) Table1: Popularity of the food items (Source : Lackmann, Ernstberger Stich, 2011) From the above chat, the percentage of food items uses in the entire United Kingdom is mentioned (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). The researcher of this statistical report has developed different kinds of research strategies as well as research methodology in order to conclude about the demand and supply of the food items in entire United Kingdom. The researcher has developed different kinds of data collection method in order to collected proper information in order to support the statistical survey (Lackmann, Ernstberger Stich, 2011). The majority of the people in United Kingdom preferred dairy products followed by packaged products such nodules, cheese products, fruit products, ice cream products, pulses and nuts, etc (Schneible, 2015). Development of Corporate Strategies with respect to strategic management issues Several strategic issues can occur in the respective business environment. At present, there are four kinds of marketing structure in the entire market. The four kinds of market formation are perfectly competitive market formation, monopoly market formation, monopolistic market formation and oligopoly market formation. All the features of all the market formation differs from each other. The majority of the food industry as well as retail industry exist in the perfectly competitive market formation. The features of the perfectly competitive market formation are unique and different as compared with other marketing structure. The most important part of this particular market formation is all the buyers as well as all the sellers buyers and sells a homogenous product (Brooks, Lovett Creek, 2013). The meaning of the word homogenous is any particular product, which is easily available in the market. Another part to be noted in this particular market sector the entry and exits of any par ticular firm is free. Ay firm can start a business at any point of time. In the entire United Kingdom, the options of all the buyers in the entire food retail sectors are well diversified (Lackmann, Ernstberger Stich, 2011). The majority of the challenges faced by the entire retail firm are in the perfectly competitive market formation. The purchasing as well as the buying decisions of the buyers in this particular market is more diversified. If any particular group of buyers is not satisfied with any particular product of any particular brand, the entire group of customers will easily shift to the next best alternative brand in order to fulfill the requirements. The business strategies need to be develop properly in order to meet the requirements. Some of the most important business strategies are mentioned below (Lackmann, Ernstberger Stich, 2011). Pricing Strategies Pricing Strategy is one of the most important strategies in the entire marketing structure. The mode of pricing strategy can be considered to be an important issue for the given business organizations. Different kinds of firms adopt different kinds of pricing strategies. There are many kinds of factors, which are involved in the pricing strategies (Caudevilla-Galligo et al., 2012). The most important factor, which is involved in the entire pricing strategy, is the customer buying decision (von der Heidt Quazi, 2013). The pricing factors influence the entire purchasing decision of the customers. Goddy Mill is a particular company, which exits in the perfectly competitive market formation (Kubacki Rundle-Thiele, 2012). This particular company needs to construct all the strategies mainly the pricing strategies by analyzing the demand and supply of the market. The entire food retail management in the United Kingdom exits in the perfectly competitive market formation (Schneible, 2015). Different kinds of Customers spending in food and retail sector Food Items Percentage of uses Groceries 56% Home Cooking 42% Outside Eating 34% Vacation Travel 41% Table 1: Customers spending in food and retail sector (Source: Developed by the Author) Figure 2: Customers spending in food and retail sector (Source : Caudevilla-Galligo et al., 2012) To avoid the strategic business issue of the firm, there is several business strategies, that the firm can implement. These are as follows:- Consumer Behavior strategies There are different kinds of Consumer Decision strategies are implemented in by this particular company in this market formation (Caudevilla-Galligo et al., 2012). There are many factors, which effects the buying decisions of the customers. In a perfectly competitive market formation all, the options of the buyers are diversified (Kotler, Kartajaya Hooi, 2007). There are different kinds of customer demands and wants in the entire marketing structure. On the other hand, it is not possible for every seller to fulfill all the demands and wants of each buyer at a single point if time (von der Heidt Quazi, 2013). The majority of the firms including this particular company need to develop all the strategies as per the requirements of the buyers and the market (Lilleker, 2013). Customer Retention Strategies In a perfectly competitive market, structure the majority of the challenges faced by all the companies to maintain the customer retention policy (Palmer, 2011). As mentioned in a perfectly competitive market formation the majority of the buyers get all the purchasing option in a much-diversified manner (Caudevilla-Galligo et al., 2012). The pricing decision is made as per the demands and supply of the market. The concept of customer retention policy is the concept of repurchasing (Thorson Duffy, 2012). The majority of the company including Goddy mills tries to follow unique features in order to maintain the customer retention policy in the market (Harden Heyman, 2011). In order to maintain a proper customer retention policy the firms adopt the different kinds of research work as well as different kinds of research methodology in order to gather the complete information about the demand and supply of the market (Harden Heyman, 2011). In a particular market, there are different kind s of customers demands and different kinds of customers want. On the other hand, it is not possible for each firm to meet all the requirements of the customers as the demand of the are in continuous manner (Kotler, Kartajaya Hooi, 2007). All the decisions and all the requirements should be made by Goddy Mills in order to maintain a good customer retention policy and to construct the entire marketing plans as per the requirements of the market (Lilleker, 2013). Challenges and major issues in the corporate business management Challenges are the integrated part of every business. Depending upon the nature of the business different minds of challenges and barriers occurs in an organization (von der Heidt Quazi, 2013). There are different kinds of challenges faced by the company in a market (Daniel, 2012). Some of the major challenges, which are faced by all the companies, in general are discussed in a much-diversified manner. Integrity and change management Integrity means gathering all the activities of the activities in the organization by maintaining all the resources of the organization and by following all the laws and ethics (von der Heidt Quazi, 2013). Due to increase in the level of competition, it is not possible for all the companies to maintain all the rules and regulations of the organization by following all the ethics of the organization. It is one of the major challenges faced by all the companies in the modern day business and proceedings (McKinley, 2012). Increase in the level of competition The second major problem in the increase in number of firms doing similar kinds of business in the market. This particular assignment is based on the retail management and food industries. All the firms who are involved in this particular business all exits in the perfectly competitive market formation. The features of the perfectly competitive market formation are unique and different for each other (Daniel, 2012). Different kinds of challenges faced by the companies in this particular market formation. The level of competition is much higher as compared with kinds of market formation. It becomes very difficult for all the companies to maintain the same level of business (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Maintaining customer Loyalty and customer services In a perfectly competitive market formation, there are different kinds of problems faced by the business firm in order to continue business. The options of the buyers are more diversified in this particular market formation (Harden Heyman, 2011). Maintaining the customer retention policy is the major challenge faced by the company. In order to maintain a strong customer retention policy the company needs to arrange all the policies of the business according to the requirements of the customers. If the customers are satisfied with the service of the company the company will surly able to maintain a customer retention policy. Customer Loyalty is the most important factor in the entire market (Daniel, 2012). Every company wants to develop different kinds of unique business strategies in order to maintain a good customer retention policy (McKinley, 2012). Rationale and creativity of the company This particular case study mainly deals with all the products and services of Goddy Mills. Goddy Mills is one of the most popular food and retail chain management in the entire United Kingdom. Generally, all the food industry and food sector management falls under the perfectly competitive market formation (Eid, 2013). The features of the perfectly competitive market formation are unique as well as different from each other. There are different kinds of corporate strategies are developed by the business firm in order to compete in the market. In a perfectly competitive market formation all the buyers and sellers buys and sells different kinds of homogenous products (Murphy, Laczniak Prothero, 2012). The meaning of the word homogenous is any kinds of products are easily available in the entire market (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Different kinds of major challenges that every business firms faced in the daily proceedings of the business are discussed in a much-diversified manner in this particular assignment. Most importantly, the demographic factors are mentioned in a much-diversified manner, which will help all the major companies to conclude about the taste and preferences of the market (Murphy, Laczniak Prothero, 2012). This particular case study as well as this particular assignment will help different companies in order to construct different plans and proceedings in the entire marketing structures (Tieman Che Ghazali, 2013). Organizational Structure Organizational Structure and Processes, Information systems and the management of relationships are important to organize for strategic success. The structure of an organization should be clear and its best structure depends upon its member. It helps to organize for strategic success. The structure of an organization helps to increase its productivity, increase employee satisfaction as well as improve the operating costs. It allows identifying the positions within an organization (Camenisch Gro, 2012). The processes of the organization categorize a team to support the structure in place for efficient execution of strategy. It makes a shared understanding of the existing realism to ground the strategic discussion as well as process in realism. Information system is the crucial factor in the process of handling the problems and making decisions (He, Song and Chaudhry, 2013). The structure of the organization balances the complexity of the strategy with the challenges in its implementation. One of the successful tools is to be considered available to the company to its structure of the organizations (He, Song Chaudhry, 2013). The priorities of the strategy are to be reflected in the structure of the organization. The strategy requires centralized control and decentralized its flexibility. It designed to encourage the development of the product and generates its competence through consistency. The configuration of the organization designed to maintain the priorities that are necessary by the strategy (Krlak Strumio, 2011). A major modification in the strategy accomplishes by its change in its structure. From the viewpoint of information system, it is necessary to remember the areas of the activity of the business that contribute to the successful of the strategy. The corporate governance, development of product as well as marketing plays an important role in the strategic ways that it must be one domain of activity that are the sources of the success of strategy (Kuznetsov, 2014). These all are the dependent on the effective information system and it manages the information related to business. Mainly, the relationship between the information system as well as the management helps to build a good strategy for the organization. Information system provides the management as well as other personnel up to date information regarding the performance of the organization such as the companys current inventory as well as its sales (Lima, Sali Kostic, 2013). Specially, the information system is designed within an organization to capture and transmit its information that is used in more proce ss of the business. The strategic information system develops the business initiatives. It intends to give competitive advantage in the organization. It helps the company to store and transfer the information they create (Wen, 2014). It offers the company the tools to help in their information repositories, also allows them to recognize the growth in opportunities and improves their operational efficiency. The management information system is the key factor to facilitate its efficient decision-making within an organization (Yuan Akey, 2013). It extends that the information system implements a successful decisions in the company. The management also distracts from its strategy by the chances that repeatedly explode. Therefore, the relationship among the information system as well as the management of the company helps to build a good strategy for the organization (ZHANG, 2012). This particular assignment mainly deals with the business policy of the f(Tieman Che Ghazali, 2013). This particular company mainly deals with retail and food industry management in entire United Kingdom (Eid, 2013). This particular company falls under the perfectly competitive market formation. There are different kinds of corporate challenges faced by this particular company. Different kinds of innovative and strategic decisions are made by the companies in order to develop different kinds of business strategies, which will help to compete in the market and to find different kinds solutions to solve some specific market problems (Kotler Armstrong, 2012). Conclusion This particular assignment mainly deals with a company named as Goddy Mills. Different kinds of invocative policies are developed by this particular company in order to compete in the market. The features of the perfectly competitive market formation in this particular market formation. Different kinds of corporate challenges as well as corporate strategies are mentioned in this particular assignment. This particular assignment will help this particular company in order to develop different kinds of strategies and market polices in order to compete in the market. Reference List Baines, P., Fill, C., Page, K. (2011).Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brooks, M., Lovett, J., Creek, S. (2013).Developing B2B social communities. [Place of publication not identified]: CA Technologies Press. Caudevilla-Galligo, F., Riba, J., Ventura, M., Gonzalez, D., Farre, M., Barbanoj, M., Bouso, J. (2012). 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B): presence in the recreational drug market in Spain, pattern of use and subjective effects.Journal Of Psychopharmacology,26(7), 1026-1035. doi:10.1177/0269881111431752 Daniel, S. (2012).Principles of marketing. [S.l.]: Kendall Hunt. Eid, R. (2013).Managing customer trust, satisfaction, and loyalty through information communication technologies. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Harden, L., Heyman, B. (2011).Marketing by the numbers. 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Service-oriented intelligent group decision support system: Application in transportation management.Information Systems Frontiers,16(5), 939-951. Krlak, A., Strumio, P. (2011). Eye-blink detection system for humancomputer interaction.Universal Access In The Information Society,11(4), 409-419. Kuznetsov, S. (2014). ANTI-CRISIS STRATEGY EXECUTION AT A FUNCTIONAL LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT.Jour, (3), 82. Lima, C., Sali, A., Kostic, M. (2013). Celebrating 20 Years of Structure.Structure,21(9), 1477-1478. Wen, M. (2014). EKM: An Efficient Key Management Scheme for AMI System in the Smart Grid.J. Inf. Comput. Sci.,11(15), 5471-5478. Yuan, S., Akey, C. (2013). Apoptosome Structure, Assembly, and Procaspase Activation.Structure,21(4), 501-515. ZHANG, Y. (2012). Cloudow: A SaaS runtime system based on the user-level virtu-alization technology.Scientia Sinica Informationis,42(3), 253.

Summary of The Man to Send Rain Clouds free essay sample

The Man to Send Rain Clouds is a short story about the death of an old man on a Pueblo Indian reservation and the issues that arise from conflicting spiritual traditions and Christian traditions. As the story opens, the dead body of an old man has been found under a cottonwood tree on an Indian reservation. The sheep that had been under the old mans care are grazing in scattered locations up and down an arroyo (ravine). Two men, Leon and his brother-in-law Ken, have discovered the body, which has apparently been lying under the tree for at least a day. Leon and Ken herd the sheep back to the camp and return by truck to the body. Ken has brought a red blanket in which to wrap the body, but, before this is done, Leon ties a small grey feather in the old mans white hair. Ken gives Leon some paint and for the old mans face. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The Man to Send Rain Clouds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Leon paints a streak of white across the mans forehead, blue across the cheekbones, yellow under the nose, and green across the chin. When he is finished painting, Leon steps back and smiles at the face of this dead man, who is his grandfather. Leon asks the old man to send some rain clouds. Leon and Ken wrap the body in the red blanket and place it in the pickup truck before heading back to the Pueblo village. As the truck approaches the village, Leon recognizes the approaching car of Father Paul, the local parish priest. The priest motions for Leon to stop and asks Leon if old Teofilo has been found. Leon replies that he and Ken have just come from the old sheep camp, and everything is fine now. The priest warns that at Teofilos age, the old man should not be allowed to wander by himself in the remote area anymore. Leon affirms that this will not happen again. The priest asks Leon and Ken if they will be attending mass on Sunday, encouraging them to bring Teofilo as he drives away. At Leons house, Louise, Leons wife, is waiting with a friend, Teresa. The women have prepared lunch, and they listen to Leons story of finding Teofilo. Apparently, Teofilo had sat down under the cottonwood tree to rest, though he died soon after. Leon realizes that Louise has laid out a new flannel shirt and pair of Levis in which Teofilos body will be dressed. Leon and Ken carry the red blanket-wrapped body into the house, and Teofilo is prepared for burial in the new clothes. Leon, Ken, Louise and Teresa eat their lunch of beans, hot bread and coffee. Ken prepares to leave to make arrangements with the gravediggers, who should be able to have the burial site prepared since only the top layer of soil is frozen even though it is very cold. Neighbors begin to arrive bearing food and sympathy as news of Teofilos death begins to spread in the village. Later that day, after the funeral, Louise mentions to Leon that perhaps they should ask Father Paul to sprinkle holy water on Teofilo so that he wont be thirsty. Leon stares at his grandfathers body and thinks about this for a few minutes. He then leaves to see if the priest is available. Ken drops Leon off at the priests house and continues on to the cemetery where others are waiting for the burial. Father Paul is happy to see Leon and offers him a chair, but Leon declines the seat, saying that he has come only to ask for holy water to be brought to the cemetery. The priest understands now that Teofilo is dead and asks why he had not been notified so that he could have performed the Last Rites. Leon protests that the ritual is not necessary, but the priest contends that for a Christian burial the Last Rites are indeed necessary. Leon tells Father Paul that everything is fine; the family just wants Teofilo to have ample water. The priest cannot provide the holy water without the Last Rites and a funeral mass. Leon has no response and begins to leave. Father Paul leaves the room and returns with his overcoat prepared to accompany Leon to Teofilos grave. As Leon and Father Paul descend the hill to the cemetery, the sun is almost set over the mesa, and the priest wonders how the gravediggers were able to break the frozen ground. Father Paul surveys the small group of people gathered at the gravesite standing among the tumbleweeds. Father Paul focuses on the red blanket and thinks the size is too small to be Teofilos body and wonders for a moment if the people are playing some sort of Indian prank on him. The priest cannot help but wonder if this is just a ritual to ensure a good harvest and that Teofilo is at the sheep camp herding the flock in for the night. Reality shakes the priest back to the situation at hand and he glances at the parishioners gathered in the waning light. The cold makes Father Pauls hands stiffen and removing the lid from the jar of holy water is difficult. Soon, though, the priest has access to the water and sprinkles the grave where the moisture disappears immediately into the sandy soil. Father Paul shakes the jar over the grave until the water is gone and the sight reminds the priest of something, although it is not quite clear what it is. The same wind that blows the priests robe now blows the pollen and corn meal which had also been spread over the grave. Teofilos body is lowered into the ground as the sun disappears. Father Paul notes the lights of the cars on the highway and walks back up the hill toward his house. Leon watches the priest leave and then turns to study the snow-covered mountains in the distance. Leon is pleased that the service is over and that the priest sprinkled the holy water which will allow the old man to send big rain clouds.

The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation Essays

The Enviromnetal Degradation As A Result Of Overpopulation Essays The Enviromnetal Degradation as a Result of Overpopulation 1 Introduction There are simply too many people on our planet, and the population is not showing any signs of slowing down(see Figure 1). It is having disastrous effects on our environment. There are too many implications and interrelationships to discuss in this paper, but the three substances that our earth consists of: land, water and air, are being destroyed. Our forests are being cut down at an alarming rate, bearing enormous impacts on the health of earth. Our oceans and seas are being polluted and overfished. Our atmosphere is injected with increasing amounts of carbon dioxide, which hurts the entire planet. All of these problems can be traced to our vast, rapidly expanding population, which has stressed our world far too greatly. Our Population In 1994, the world population was 5 602 800 000. This population had a doubling time of only forty-one years (De Blij and Muller, 1994, p.527). The massive amount of people has had highly destructive impacts on the earth?s environment. These impacts occur on two levels: global and local. On the global level, there is the accumulation of green house gases that deplete the ozone layer, the extinction of species, and a global food shortage. On the local level, there is erosion of soils (and the loss of vegetation), the depletion of water supply, and toxification of the air and water. The earth is dynamic though, all of these aspects are interrelated, and no one impact is completely isolated. All of these destructive elements can be traced to our enormous population. As the population increases, so do all of the economic, social, and technological impacts. The concept of momentum of population growth is one that must be considered. It states that areas with traditionally high fertility rates will have a very young structure age. Thus, a decrease in the fertility rate will still result in a greater absolute number of births, 2 as there are more potential mothers. Populations are very slow in adjusting to decreases in fertility rates. This is especially frightening when considering that South Asia has a population of 1 204 600 000 (and a doubling time of thirty two years), Subsaharan Africa has 528 000 000 (doubling time: thirty one years), and North Africa/Southwest Asia has 448 100 000 (doubling time: twenty seven years) (De Blij and Muller, 1994, p. 529-531)and all of these areas have traditionally high fertility rates. Although third world countries do have a far larger population than industrialized nations, and the trend is constantly increasing, their populations should not bear the responsibility for our population-enduced degrading environment. The impact we make on the biosphere is sometimes expressed mathematically by ecological economists as I = PAT. I being impact, P population, A affluence (consumption) , and T technology (environmentally bad technology)(Ehrlich and Ehrlich, 1990, p.24). Concern regarding population increases often focuses on the third world, since it is there that growth is exponential. Yet, it is necessary to recognize that people are by no means equal or identical in their consumption, and thus their impact on the environment (see Map 2). 3 Our Forests ?The sky is held up by the trees. If the forest disappears the sky, which is the roof of the world collapses. Nature and man perish together.? - Amerindian legend Forests are a precious link in the life systems of our planet. They are a part of these vital ecosystem services without which earth would not have been habitable by the human species in the first place and would certainly have become inhabitable again. Forests have crucial roles in the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles that nourish and sustain life on earth. They protect the watersheds that support farming and influence climate and rainfall(Lindahl-Kiessling, 1994, p.167). They save the soil from erosion and are home to thousands of species, and forest peoples whose lives depend on them. They are also a source for industrial and medical purposes. In developing countries, much deforestation is for both local purposes and for export. The UNFPA (United Nations Fund for Population Activities) said in it?s 1990 report that population growth may have been responsible for as much as eighty percent of the forest land cleared between 1971 and 1986 to make room for agriculture, cattle ranching, houses, roads and industries(Ramphal, 1992, p.55). It is estimated that in that period nearly sixty million hectares of forest were converted to farmland and a similar amount of forest was put to non-agricultural uses. This is equivalent

Epidemiology and communicable disease Assignment

Epidemiology and communicable disease - Assignment Example For example, individuals who have higher income are likely to access better health services while those with low income are likely not to access health services. This puts those poor person to develop diseases and do not go for treatment, thus making some communicable diseases to spread in the society (Marmot et al., 2012). Communicable disease chain is a circuit of events that starts from a disease-causing urgent to reach an individual ultimately and causes infection. The chain entails the following components: infectious agent, a reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host. For an individual to become infected the entire chain must be intact. However, breaking just one component of the chain of infection makes the infectious disease difficult to spread (Aginam, 2002). There are steps that a nurse can take to break the chain of infection and stop the disease from spreading. For example ensuring that, all children are fully immunized against some diseases like measles and flu among others since this will break the chain from the source. Proper hand washing before handling food, this breaks the chain on mode of transmission and prevents the spread (Brachman,

Hyundai Auto company and GM Auto company Research Paper

Hyundai Auto company and GM Auto company - Research Paper Example With these, the company embarked on restructuring its brands in a manner that they were responsive to market needs yet still competitive. It has focused on restructuring its brands while still focusing on their core business: that is they have focused on strengthening the core businesses which are Buick, Cadillac and Chevrolet, while reducing focus on other lesser brands which are not the core of the business (GM Company 2010 Annual Report, 2010; Norton, 2008). Hence, while focusing on high quality and exciting vehicles, they have also focused on affordability and fuel efficiency. The key focus is mainly providing high quality and affordable vehicles to the market (General Motors Corporation, 2008). Over the past decade, GM has weathered a dip its US market share, with the key reason for this for this being that most of the company’s vehicles did not seem to appeal to younger buyers, nor was it responding fast enough to the changing customer needs. In most parts of the market, the cars were mostly irrelevant (Szczesny, 2009). While sales for some of GM’s cars such as Buick, Cadillac, and Chevrolet were high, performance for other brands such as Hummer, Saturn and Saab were lagging behind. Furthermore, brands such as the Hummer did not fit the new GM business model of cost and fuel efficiency (GM Company 2010 Annual Report, 2010; Norton, 2008). In essence, GM reduced focus on non performing brands and increased its focus on the performing brands, while also shifting its focus to production of vehicles appealing to a younger demographic such as Grand Prix, G6, and Grand Am, as well as production of fuel efficient vehicles such as hybrid, electric and FLEX that respond to high fuel cost pressures and environment consciousness pressures (Norton, 2008). These changes have resulted to improved contribution margins in various new models as well as increased fuel efficiency where the cars use $6-$8 per gallon gasoline, 15%-55% fuel improvement than other vehicles. For instance, the Chevrolet Volt and Chevrolet Malibu have won car of the year awards in 2010 and 2008, while Cadillac CTS and Chevrolet Malibu generated contribution margins of more than 30% and 50% respectively in 2008 (General Motors Corporation, 2008; GM Company 2010 Annual Report). These changes have positively impacted the GM’s brand value enhance its new business model (GM Company 2010 Annual Report). However, cutting the non performing brands also resulted to loss of jobs in the divisions that were cut. On the other hand, Hyundai motor company, one of the largest Korean automobile companies, has undergone changes in its brand strategy where it has mainly focused on fuel efficiency and fluidic sculpture in its products in response to changing competitive pressures in the market place (Cho, 2012). Years after Hyundai had launched its vehicles in the US market, it was still viewed as a â€Å"cheap car suitable for the lower class† customers. Over the pas t decade, Hyundai has undergone massive changes in its brands to appeal to a wider customer base in the US. They have over the past ten years not only focused on

To create a cycle of myth based in truth Personal Statement

To create a cycle of myth based in truth - Personal Statement Example My mother had absconded her village on a night when our rivals raided the village due to communal vendetta and brutally killed my father. Pregnant and exhausted, but a great swimmer, she dove into the river before the raiders could catch up. On the river's bank there situated a village of a different tribe. They welcomed and gave her shelter. I grew up in this village where the people were peace loving and maintained strong family bonds. The most unique feature of this village was their expertise in building technology and all houses were built on the concept of cosmic architecture which was based on the philosophy that the 'five elements' in the building and humans should remain in perfect harmony. They attributed the tranquil ambience in the village to this synchrony that they achieve in the construction of their homes. I grew up listening to the myth of the goddess of wealth, who, as stories have it, had come to the village with a gunny bag full of precious stones and sought shelter there. One day, when I was in my eighteens, while hunting in the forest, I came across an old man lying on the ground with a large sack by his side. I approached him, and enquired who he was. He told me that he was a merchant from a nearby town who came here for trade purposes.

Strategic Leadership Of Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan

Strategic Leadership Of Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Leadership is an internal power of convincing people and the world knows many of leaders. But only extraordinary leader with a strong belief could be able to create a miracle transforming a desert into a modern state which is a real pride of the world now. This leader is Sheix Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan who was the principal architect of United Arab Emirates and the president of UAE for over 30 years. He was considered one of the wealthiest men in the world but he used to live a relatively humble and traditional lifestyle. The key success of his leadership was wisdom. According to Aristotle, people have a purpose and they try to fulfill it. According to Amartya Sen, people desire freedom of choice. According to Sheix Zayed a human being can reach results through hard work, generosity and strong belief to God. Sheix Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was born in around 1918 in Abu Dhabi. He received only basic education of Islam in the emirate and then after his return from abroad, he told about his visits that motivated him to start a project which would give a possibility to the people to enjoy good living in their own country by utilizing the possible discovery of oil. Sheix Zayed was an effective leader who catalyzed a vigorous pursuit of a clear vision and the biggest guarantee of his effectiveness was the country during his governance. His success became the success of the country which was a transformation of the vision into a reality that the whole world enjoys now. Sheix Zayed was a highly capable individual as he made productive contributions through his strong belief and hard work. As a president of the UAE, he showed his negotiating abilities by building consensus both internally and externally in order to gain support for creating the new state. As a strong charismatic individualist and a real leader, he could convince others with the idea of building a new state in a desert and encouraged the people to express their opinions, to put all together in order to extract from them a single point of view. This was Sheix Zayed who unified seven tribal and made his productive contribution to build democracy in the country. Sheix Zayed has gained the respect and the love of the people due to his unique leadership style of wisdom. He has adopted important principles of far-sightedness for Islamic nations and could earn international recognition as well. His charisma helped him to create a policy to maintain close relationship with the people. Sheix Zayed was a man of religion and his leadership style was based on a philosophy according to which everything in this life depends on Gods will. As a real Muslim, he was inspired by Quran and realized that it is not just a simple book of religion but it is a system of discipline for all facts of life including economic, social, political and moral principles. As a generous leader Sheix Zayed honestly utilized oil resources which he considered as a gift of Allah in the best interests of his people being deeply concerned by the poor social and economic situation of the country. He was concerned by the well-being of every individual citizen stating that all those resources belong to the people who could catch up with the procession civilization. That was his clearly defined vision and the way of governance which ensured progress. Sheix Zayed is considered to be one of the wise leaders of the history. Making wise utilization of the oil revenues that had begun to flow only several years ago, Sheix Zayed made enormous plans of development focusing on the creation of the infrastructure initially and on the needs of all the emirates. Then he built a federation which was a lesson from history over ages and became a unifying force for his success. The federation was his objective to provide his country with a good standard of living and to build a modern state as he considered that unity was a tool for attaining the well-being of the people and to provide generations with a better living. The result of the federation was transformation of the UAE and the lifestyle of its people which was just a dream before. Sheix Zayeds vision was to see the UAE as a developed country, however all the accomplishments were beyond his imagination. It was due to his strategic leadership and ability to utilize natural resources. Sheix Zayeds style of leadership was characterized by his personality as a leader and his belief in the principle of Shura, which is an Islamic value according to which he who does not obey Allah is the loser. This helped him to create a strategic leadership which was based on promoting ethical, religious and responsible practices. He felt everyone in should a full member of the society with a full right of expressing his opinion. He strengthened the religious principle within the people in order to spread justice, generosity and strong belief. The clear stated vision of Sheix Zayed could build winning competencies in the world in every field starting from the educational sector and ending with the supply chain management. The UAE today attracts everyone and finds ways for developing and retaining the best talents of the world in terms of contribution. And the result of the motivation of the best human ideas is that the highest buildings, the biggest airport, the most luxurious hotels of the world are situated in the UAE. Sheix Zayed succeeded in combining leadership with management; as an inspiration-oriented and effectiveness-oriented leader, he could not only set the directions for his country and people and open up options for the future, but as an efficiency-oriented and control-oriented manager, he could stay on course with his people involving himself in project implementation process and sustain the present for his country. This way he could maintain a helicopter view combining effectiveness and efficiency; on the one hand, he was sure of the realization of his vision to build a new and modern state and he was fully convinced that he made a right decision. On the other hand, he used all the useful information from the history and the holy Quran adding his own and other ideas and struggled for fulfilling his main goal of transforming the desert into a modern country. In result, he succeeded in the implementation of his project due to clever utilization of the natural resources and the good stra tegic leadership and management of stabilizing the budget created by Sheix Zayed. He was an intelligent leader and he proved that the intelligence is not only in the academic degrees and prestigious universities, but it is just an internal willingness to be an intelligent. Sheix Zayed grew up with Bedouin traditions, but he reached to the wise style of leadership through knowing others experiences, reading the holy Quran and mastering the lessons of history. Sheix Zayed was an authentic leader. Moreover, he managed to establish his authenticity through getting to know his origins better by getting honest feedback. He always remembered his origin and the hard times he passed in a poor and undeveloped country. He was always ready to meet with the people all over the Emirates and to listen to their ideas and to discuss important issues with them. He improved his steps by getting to know others better by building a rich picture of his environment and removing barriers between himself and others. He chose a style of leadership which allowed the people to be involved in the decision making process as well as set priorities and delegate certain tasks being well informed about the objective of the leader. He involved the people in the sharing of national responsibilities stating that they all had the same goal to achieve justice and right in a developed country with unified society. He strengthened the belief in Islam which was the teacher of th e responsibility of governance and called the people for hard work. He advised them not to follow a routine way to work but to maintain close contact with ordinary people whom they serve. He believed that the people are the main motive for development. His focus was on the educational sector believing that human resources are the real wealth of the country and then on the conservation of the environment and using the natural resources of the country. He found the way to preserve them for the future generations. It was in the result of people involvement in the implementation of the projects that Sheix Zayed realized that the harsh climate threatened the land with desertification and the agriculture was not practical in such conditions. And in a very short of time he could transform the desert into green areas with millions of palm trees and fruit trees. And he succeeded in achieving those unbelievable results while constructing new towns and villages in the sands. Enjoying the natural resources in his country, Sheix Zayed behaved as a great humanist and generous leader in his decisions to make contribution of moral and political support and financial aid to other countries with the aim of bringing stable situation and organizing charity programs. This approach has characterized the style of leadership of Sheix Zayed and remained essential to his role as a leader providing the basis of the way in which he managed to bring progress to his country. The strategy of Sheix Zayed had a performance culture in terms of providing clear, challenging goals. Sheix Zayed was born in Al Nahyan family that emerged as leaders of the emirate which was poor and undeveloped. At that time the economy of the emirate was based on agriculture and fishing and the education was generally confined to lessons in reading and writing along with instruction in Islam. Camels and boats were the means of transportation in the emirate and the survival itself there was a major concern. But the basic education was not sufficient for Sheix Zayed, because he displayed a huge interest for knowledge and curiosity for knowing about the way of life of other people and the environment in which they lived. He had a vision according to which everyone should freely express his ideas and viewpoints without difficulties. That would allow the one to know about other problems and perceive their views properly in order to be able to help and improve their situation. He was a transformational leader with a new vision which led to extraordinary performance in future. As a transformational leader, he was engaged in inspirational motivation led by his vision which later made others follow him. His passion and vision of living in a modern state as well as his drive to make the Emirates one nation gave him a power to start that revolution. As a hard working leader, he had the ability to challenge the status-quo; the reason of living in desert has historical roots, because he was born in this poor part of the world, but he thought that it made no sense any more, because it was possible to create better conditions for the people. Sheix Zayed lived very hard life and thats why he realized that taking the responsibility of future generations was a serious task that needed a strong type of leader. He devoted great efforts to building the state and nation and could earn the respect of the population for his wisdom, generosity and his achievements in building a prosperous economy. His wisdom, strong belief in diplomacy and generous assistance to developing countries made him respectful in the world. His life and achievements were characterized by his deep religious faith, his vision, his determination and hard work, his generosity and the way in which he devoted his life to the service of his people. Using the countrys enormous oil revenues, Sheix Zayed built up institutions such as hospitals, schools and universities and made it possible for UAE citizens to enjoy free access to them. After his death, his son continues his honest work to improve the country and the standard of living of the UAE citizens.

European History - Was the French Revolution Preventable? :: European Europe History

Was the French Revolution Preventable? The French Revolution was a major transformation of the society and political system of France, lasting from 1789 to 1799. During the course of the Revolution, France was changed from an absolute monarchy, to a republic of supposedly equal and free citizens. The effects of the French Revolution were widespread, both inside and outside of France, and impacted all of Europe. At times the outcome of revolt led to social change and at times it just led to unnecessary bloodshed. Was this revolution inevitable? Was there something different that the government or people could have done to prevent the horrible atrocities of The Reign of Terror under Robespierre and his men? There are clear social, economic and political changes that could have been made too prevent this revolution from occurring when it did. However, although the government could have postponed this revolution, it was also somewhat inevitable, because of the great differences in the society of the peasants and the nobles di vided the entire society. The government was also just trying to make too many things right at the wrong time and this is why they could possibly have not avoided the French Revolution. Economically, many changes could have been made in the way that would have prevented such anger arising from the people. However, there are also a few problems that could not have been avoided. Economic decline in the 1770s may have frustrated some bourgeois in their rise to power and wealth, and rising bread prices just before the Revolution certainly increased dissatisfaction among workers and peasants. France also suffered from harsh economic problems. Poor farm harvests by farmers hurt the economy, and trade rules from the Middle Ages still survived, making trade difficult. At this time, the gap between the rich and the poor was becoming greater, with the poor becoming poorer, and the rich becoming richer. A central bank was nowhere to be found, there was no paper currency and in general, taxes were becoming greater for the peasants. In this economically challenged society what could have been done to change all of these economic problems from the beginning? One of the major problems that the government should have dealt with long ago is the use of the funds that they did have. Under rulers in the past such as Louis the XIV, poor economic decisions were made. Louis the XIV did not invest wisely, he used major funds in trade and exploration causes that were not gaining the French anything, but they continued to invest in.

Violating Social Norms

For this assignment, I decided to violate the social norm of not talking on the phone while watching a movie in a movie theater. Before the movie started, I tested my sister and asked her to call me during the movie. When she did so, I proceeded to have a 2-3 minute conversation with her and spoke loudly so that those around me would notice and be distracted. The people around me In the theater were obviously bothered by my behavior and annoyed. Several people turned around to stare at me or whispered under their breath to their friends.A few Just Just shook their heads or sighed. The social norm of refraining from talking on the phone during In a movie theater was an example of an explicit (In this case), Injunctive norm. The norm was explicit because during the movie previews, there was an advertisement that read â€Å"Please no talking on the phone or testing during the movie. † Through this ad, everyone In the theater was made directly aware of the social norm. Not talking on the phone In a movie is an injunctive norm because it is observed as the socially acceptable and polite thing to do.It is perceived that people approve of this behavior because it shows respect and consideration for those who want to watch the movie free of distractions or disturbances. This social norm is typically enforced through compliance. Even if a person might originally consider talking on the phone in a movie theater, they usually comply with the theater's directly stated request to not do so in the pre-movie â€Å"Please do not talk on the phone or text during the movie† message. My violation of this social norm elicited various mechanisms of social control from those surrounding me.As mentioned above, fellow movie-watchers tried to make me feel guilty for my â€Å"rude† behavior by fidgeting in their seats, loudly sighing, frequently turning around to stare at me, and muttering complaints to their friends. A woman at the end of my row even turned to face me and loudly said â€Å"Really!? Please get off your phone. † During my violation of a social norm, I felt extremely uncomfortable and self- conscious. I felt like all the attention in the theater was focused on me, and that everyone was negatively Judging me. As a result of the hostile responses around me, I let very attacked, anxious and embarrassed.I wanted to remove myself from the awkward situation as soon as possible. I think the people around me In the movie theater would explain my behavior with the assumption that I have a blatant disregard for others. They would probably attribute my violation of the social norm to what they see as self-centeredness, disrespect, and social awkwardness because compliance with the norm of not using your cell phone in a movie theater attempts to show decency and concern for the enjoyment of others. Since I used my phone and did not try to control my volume, people logically assumed that I Just didn't care about those around me.Violat ing Social Norms By calligrapher's would notice and be distracted. The people around me in the theater were obviously The social norm of refraining from talking on the phone during in a movie theater was an example of an explicit (in this case), injunctive norm. The norm was explicit talking on the phone or testing during the movie. † Through this ad, everyone in the theater was made directly aware of the social norm.

Advertising Is Legalised Form of Lying Essays

Advertising Is Legalised Form of Lying Essays Advertising Is Legalised Form of Lying Essay Advertising Is Legalised Form of Lying Essay Essay Topic: A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Non Controversial Push Precious Advertising, generally speaking, is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually performed by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. Advertising involves the process where in a massage is designed so as to promote a product, a thought, an idea or even a service. The concept of advertising has assumed a dynamic form with the use of the various mediums of communication. From the newspaper, magazines, posters, neon and fluorescent signboards, billboards to the commercial on TV, laser shows to inflated high-rise figures and objects, advertising has come a long way. The work is formidable as it spearheads a process intended to attract, modify, change and influences public opinion. Modern advertising really began in the middle of the century. World War II had taught Americans plenty about propaganda and new technologies had erupted, offering both increased production and more ways to propagate a media message. They combined to create the modern ad. In addition to stating the facts somewhere in the fine print, advertisers began to lace their ads with ideas designed to appeal to the senses of the reader, as well as the deeper, more emotional self interests of love, sex, anxiety, fear, alarm, ambition, envy, indulgence and especially vanity. And to discover which appeal would work best, advertisers began to develop more and better research techniques and act upon the results. Someday, theyd call it target marketing, but for now, they were content with being able to select the right message to transmit and then aim it at the right receiver in the market. What sounds obvious now was in fact not recognized in the 19th century. Advertising was a print medium at first, and primarily followed the basic rules of decorum and factual reporting of the journalism of the day. Thus, a Sears And Roebuck catalogue from the 19th century offered Underwear For Fat Men with a line drawing a hefty, older fellow with a distended belly trying on a pair of longjohns (Sears Roebuck, 1879, p. 6). In addition to such straightforward advertising, there were rules which limited the effectiveness of print advertising as a visual medium in many venues. Ads were kept in the back in the early 19th century, and only moved across to the front of magazines and newspapers in the 1890s. Line drawings and other artwork was introduced, but the copy remained relatively staid and straightforward. Print advertising today is far different. Incredible graphics, manipulative copy and inserts, [emailprotected] (ads disguised as articles) and coupons make up the bulk of newspaper and magazine advertising. Of course, the old style of print ads remain as well. There are still classified ads in the back of nearly every magazine, and line drawings grace the ads in many newspapers. Nobody sells Aunderwear for fat [emailprotected] any more though. Bills, or bulletins, are also still common in the 1990s. Most urban centers have huge sections of walls and public space taken over by row after row of bills, huge print ads. In these days of media saturation, it is not surprising to see many layers of bulletins atop a wall or on a construction site. Bulletins were started in the 1890s as well. ARagged bills hawking everything from Tutts Pills and St. Jacob=s Oil to Battle Ax Plug, Hood=s Sasparilla, and Official Five Cent Cigars fluttered from every fence, lamppost and curb. (Starr and Hayman, p. 25). In both centuries, bulletins are most often [emailprotected] or posted up without the permission of property owners. The final form of outdoor advertising is the billboard or display. Displays are three-dimensional, huge mockups of products or events. The first billboards were painted bulletins, permanently covering the side of a building and often identifying the busine sses within. Later, around the end of the 19th century when most major cities had electricity to spare, these billboards were lighted so that they would be visible at night. It wasn=t long before the [emailprotected] was born. Spectaculars are bright, lighted billboards made of many bulbs (the slogan or logo is often spelled out in light) which often contains some three-dimensional elements. The first spectaculars debuted at the end of the 19th century, along with the first lighted marquees. At the end of the 20th century, spectaculars have become even more important, becoming landmarks in places like New York City and Las Vegas. However, outside of the landmark status of some spectaculars, outdoor advertising is very limited. The largest differences between the advertising of the 1890s and the 1990s are the sheer number of media available and what can be called the culture of Acool. @ The 1990s has radio, television, ads before motion pictures and videotapes, Internet advertising of various types (email [emailprotected] banner ads), direct mail advertising, blimps and cropdusters to add to the arsenal of outdoor advertisement and concentrated target marketing. More important than the available media is the net effect of advertising. Advertising is now totalizing, both the dominant culture and counterculture are appealed to. Instead of simply announcing the existence of a product, advertising works to create a culture of consumption for everyone. Advertisings images of consumption evolved from phony promises of a better life for white, nuclear families to the hip-based brand of product cool that still exists today. (Frank, 1997). Everything from youth rebellion to counter-hegemonic violence to law breaking has been commodified. Advertising today seemingly encourages people to break the rules, to tell the world to Akiss [emailprotected] and to be an individual. Beneath this surface rebellion though, people are trained to buy, to tie their emotions to consumption, and eventually, to discard the old with disappointment and embrace the new, in order to rebel again. The greatest difference between the advertising of the 1890s and the 1990s is that instead of buying underwear, one buys the feeling of being cool. This paper is meant to explain some concepts of advertising in cortese s Provocateur. Three basic concepts I will explain, as well as show examples of, are Body Clowning, Body Chopping and Subconscious Seduction. These three concepts are widely used in the advertisement business today. I will be providing and referring to some advertisements, out of magazines, to show these methods. This should further help the understanding of the material being covered. The first method advertising I will be discussing is Body Clowning. Body Clowning is a technique used to show a happy or entertaining side of the product at hand. In this type of advertising there are usually a man and a woman. The man is being portrayed as very powerful, secure and seductive. Even if they are wearing next to nothing the men are still looking very powerful and intelligent. While the men are being portrayed as the higher power in the ad, the woman are acting very playful and are shown to be almost childish. Some describe them as acting like clowns, hence the name Body Clowning. Now that we are in the 1990 s we have started to change the role of this. The woman is the more serious one, {as in ad #1}, and the guy is acting more playful. This ad shows a man in a football uniform jumping around while the woman is holding a cake and having excellent posture and acting incredibly lady like. Though I could not find any advertisements on the traditional and more popular roles of this topic, there are many out there. This type of advertising, if it is done correctly, can be incredibly affective. Body Chopping is another advertising concept that is incredibly effective in the modern advertising business. This technique is used in a lot of clothing, cologne/perfume ads and make-up ads. Body Chopping is when a certain part of the body is photographed and shown in the advertisement. This method is supposed to focus on the sexy side in the human body. It is commonly said by critics that it is degrading to women because it makes it seem that a woman s body is more important than her mind. This is mainly used with woman but it is also used with men every once and a while. You can t even flip through a magazine without seeing this method. This is effectively shown in ad number 2. As you can see, the face is the only part of the body being shown in this ad for Revlon. It shows the sexy, full and luxurious lips of a woman. This is supposed to make ladies feel that if they used this brand of make-up than their lips will look as good as the woman s in the ad. In ad number 3 you can see that the persons tongue is in focus. This ad is for the candy Spree. The phrase at the bottom of the page reads It s a kick in the mouth. Now this obviously is saying that this candy will make your mouth feel very good as well as taste terrific but will it really taste like that? You will never know until you try it. This whole point of the ad is to make you want the candy and make you feel like you have to go out right now and buy it. This is made possible by the close up view of the tongue. That is why the method of Body Chopping is so successful. Out of all the advertisements we see in a day very rarely do we sit down and try to analyze them. If we did do this however, we would find a good bit of subliminal massages inside of an advertisement. Now these are really not very easy to see but they are very catchy to the human eye. These stand out but at the same time have a very different meaning. This is done because the average person looks at an ad for two seconds. This is not leaving a whole lot of time for the ad to make you want to have the product advertised. That is why they put these messages in that stick out, so you can see this and relate to the mood of he ad and want the specific product. We all do this with out even thinking about it, leaving it the name of subconscious. Here are some examples of some subconscious seduction techniques: In lipstick ads the lipstick is usually a symbol for oral or anal sex. Though we are not sure why this is it is proven that it is, oddly enough, a good symbol for this. This actually does sell a lot of these products thought this method. In conclusion, I hope that these examples have greatly increased your knowledge of at least three of the techniques used by advertisers today in their ads. There is a lot to be said about these advertisements, but they can be very tricky to read and see at the same time. Now that you have been informed on these points, you should be able to pick these things up and understand the advertisements better. Just as there is to everything else in life, there are costs and benefits to advertising. Advertising plays a major role in our lives. Everywhere you turn there is some form of advertising taking place. Companies spend outrageous amounts to get the attention of the viewer and hold it long enough to increase sales of there product. An example of this is a Chevy truck commercial. They use a more masculine approach to make you believe the truck gives off the same idea. The costs of advertising are many. For one the increase in advertising raises consumer prices. The company needs to pay for it somehow so guess who the cost is pushed on? The consumer. Another bad point in advertising is that it often makes you buy things you dont need or didnt even want. The worst aspect of advertising is probably the fact that it controls the media. Think if a radio station is sponsored by dorittos it is unlikely they would ever negatively refer to the product. People protect their advertisers. Its power has a majority of the media wrapped around its finger. The benefits of advertising are many as well. Advertising can give you price information, availability of it, and improvements that may have been made on a product. Without advertising compassion would be slim. Advertisers try to impress the consumer and draw them in. If one product is more appealing advertisers work on launching a bigger and better campaign to make their product appear to be better. Without advertisements paying for radio and many news papers it is possible that we wouldnt be so informed on breaking news and public issues. I was impressed by the truck commercial because it targets more to a male audience. It makes the truck seem like the high point of being a man. Without the truck it seems like they are trying to say you are not as much of a man. Most likely I wouldnt by something just because of a commercial. Trucks are nice and maybe they do make you appear to be more manly, but if I was to buy a truck its quality and care it had received would rank above its affects on my image. Ring around the collar, Once you pop, you cant stop, Just do it. Television viewers today are ombarded with increasing commercial content. From the barrage of 15-second commercials every seven minutes, to product placement, to infomercials, when the viewer watches television, they are constantly exposed to some form of advertising. Beyond the minor annoyance, very few people think that much is wrong with advertisements. What viewers do not realize is how much advertising influences the content of television, often in a neg ative manner. In his article Conscientious Objections Neil Postman states The anarchy in television news is a direct result of the commercial structure of broadcasting. When the Government granted television stations the right to broadcast over American airwaves, there was an agreement that stations would serve the public interest. Slowly but surely, things have changed. Television no longer serves the public, what goes on the air is now determined largely by advertisers. Many of the changes in television occurred because of the government deregulation of television in the 1980s, when the head of the Federal Communications Commission under Reagan rolled back the principle components of broadcast regulation. Two major components of the deregulation where the elimination of the three-year rule, which stated that broadcast entities could not be sold for three years after the date of purchase; as well as allowing more commercials in a broadcast hour. The deregulation changed the television industry forever. The three-year rule had ensured that a station remained viable and intact. The deregulation changed the status of many television stations. In the article Consumer Culture and TV Programming, Robin Andersen writes: Before deregulation, corporate speculators did not purchase stations solely for the purpose of commodity trading. After deregulation, however, speculators who had no interest or experience in the media bought and sold stations simply to make a profit. Corporate investors would often cut corners to make a profit, this included cutting news departments, and giving in to many advertiser demands. (Andersen, 19) The other major step taken during the deregulation of the 1980s overwhelmed viewers with advertising, and diminished advertising s effectiveness. Before the deregulation, advertising had a firm grip on viewer attention. Viewers watched advertisements with vigor, and research revealed that they remembered a great deal of what they saw. Along with more commercials per hour, the standard 30-second commercial gave way to more short 10- and 15-second spots. After the deregulation the number of commercials on network TV in an average week tripled to more than 5,000. (Andersen, 20) Just as viewers were being bombarded with commercials in the 1980s, remote-control technology showed viewers an escape route. With the help of the remote control, viewing habits changed. Audiences began to change the channel, mute, or fast-forward their recordings during television advertisements. Advertisements lost a great deal of the persuasive power when viewers began to disregard them. Since then, marketers have searched for ways to bring back advertising s persuasive power. One result of this search has been increased demands that programming content supports and reinforces advertising messages. Another consequence has been the advent of subtle advertisements that disguise their promotional character such that viewers will be more accepting of the persuasive messages. A good example of one such practice would be product placement, in which brand names are strategically placed into the television program. As advertisers became more demanding of television support of advertising, television became dependent on advertisers financial support. Andersen states that in the 1980s, the costs of prime-time programming escalated, while revenues plateaued. This led to forcing all programs to become more cost efficient. At the same time, the advent of cable television in the 1980s gave advertisers more channels in which they could run their commercials. Therefore, networks had to lower their advertising costs to compete with the cable stations. With cheaper advertising, stations became increasingly dependent on ad revenues for their livelihood. With stations more dependent on advertising dollars, and advertisers more desperate to reach viewers, big business advertisers gained more influence into the content of the media. Advertisers would refuse to advertise during shows that were not receptive to advertising. With slim budgets, stations could not afford to cross these advertisers. Therefore, any content to which certain advertisers might take offense with was often omitted from television programs. News and public affairs directors are made aware that advertisers are monitoring their programming and that to contradict corporate sponsors or their advertising messages would have a negative financial impact on the station and their jobs. Because of this pressure the media must tiptoe around any issues advertisers may find offensive. In his article Censorious Advertising Milton Glaser exposes Chryslers advertising policy which requires that magazines submit articles in advance for screening by Chrysler to determine whether they contain any editorial content that may be construed as provocative or offensive. Censorious policies such as Chryslers are not at all uncommon in the advertising business. In her article Sex, Lies, and Advertising, Gloria Steinem chronicles her experiences as head of Ms. magazine. In her article she gives examples of many companies with advertising policies similar to Chryslers. For example S. C. Johnson Son orders that its ads should not be opposite extremely controversial features or material antithetical to the nature/copy of the advertised product. Procter Gamble states that advertisements for its products were not to be placed in any issue that included any material on gun control, abortion, the occult, cults, or the disparagement of religion. Caution was also demanded in any issue covering sex or drugs, even for educational purposes. (Steinem, 226) Advertisers have made the message clear that they want the media to be as non-controversial as possible, in order to maintain an optimal consumer environment. Although Steinems particular situation involves pr int media; there are many similarities between the two genres. In her aforementioned article, Andersen cites this example of advertiser influence: When CNN s Capitol Gang was summoned to carry out a mock program in front of a group of advertisers, the producers and commentators were sent a clear message, namely, that the programs content will be monitored with great interest. Under these circumstances it is unlikely that information unacceptable to CNN advertisers will be included. (Andersen, 24) With such a clear message sent to the cast of Capitol Gang, it is obvious that advertisers have a substantial influence on the programs content. Advertising power can be especially damaging to news content. In 1994, ABC news reported on Philip Morris manipulation of tobacco levels, an issue that had been advanced by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Although the information was true, Philip Morris brought a $10 billion libel suit against ABC. Philip Morris, through its Kraft Foods, is a major advertiser. Not wanting to lose precious ad revenues, ABC apologized on air for telling the truth. (Andersen, 27) The threat of libel suits, and the withdrawing of advertisement is a powerful one that prevents many newscasts from airing controversial material involving large advertisers. As the late dvertising executive Howard L. Gossage stated [Advertiser] control is not by intent, but through the simple ability of advertising to bestow or withhold favors. (Lowenstein and Merrill, 77) It is painfully clear that advertising can have a negative influence on television content, but is there a solution? Gloria Steinems solution for Ms. problems was to become commercial-free. After having tried various methods of dealing with advertising, to no avail, Ms. magazine became a commercial free publication. PBS also operates as a commercial free entity, being partially funded by the U. S. Government. The U. S. Government partially funds this form of Public Television. PBS represents an alternative in the television media system, and at a low cost for taxpayers. The author of The Future of Public Television argues that the media must be democratized. He believes that Public Broadcasting is an important step in the democratization process. In important respects, particularly its partial removal from market forces and the early articulation of its commitment to diversity, our current system of public television provides a concrete example of both the vast potential and the increasing necessity of a more democratic mass media. (The Future of Public Television, 167) Unfortunately, Steinem and PBS solutions are not viable for most forms of television media. In order to maintain television as a free service to the viewers, stations need advertiser support. It is unlikely that the government would be able to fund such a large number of stations. Lowenstein and Merrill offer a different solution th an Steinem and Miller, stating that advertisement has a right to broadcast its message. The authors state that the broadcaster has an obligation to provide a program at the lowest possible cost to the consumer. However, Lowenstein and Merrill state that Government agencies must regulate advertising s misleading and unfair policies. The authors believe that only through government intervention can the effects of advertising be controlled. The current media system needs to be repaired. However, as the author states, changes in the media system Certainly will not be completed overnight (The Future of Public Television, 167). Solutions such as Steinems and PBSs are not feasible at this point. Commercial television is a multi-billion dollar business. Many jobs depend on this enormous industry, and to transform television to a commercial free format would cause economic problems. Renovating the media system is unfeasible because of its large size. The system is too complex to be drastically changed. A small step must be taken first, I propose that a government agency should be created to oversee and regulate advertising. This agency would look into advertisers to make sure that program content was not subverted, that deceptive advertising did not happen, and that advertisers would not be allowed to preview programs before deciding whether or not to advertise. These steps will diminish the influence which advertisers have on television broadcasters. In order to keep advertisers and broadcasters from breaking these rules, this agency would be given the power to fine any corporations and broadcasters that did not follow the rules. This government agency would be the first step in freeing the media from advertiser influence. Although it may not cure television of all advertiser influence, it is the first step towards that goal.